Text Structure

What is Text Structure?

Text structure is the way an author organises information in a piece of writing. Recognising the structure helps you understand and remember what you read.

The Five Common Text Structures

1. Chronological / Sequence

Events are listed in time order.

• Signal words: first, next, then, after, finally, before
• Used in: stories, biographies, instructions, recipes

2. Cause and Effect

Explains why something happened or what resulted from an event.

• Signal words: because, therefore, as a result, consequently, due to
• The river flooded because there was heavy rainfall.

3. Compare and Contrast

Shows similarities and differences between two or more things.

• Signal words: similarly, however, on the other hand, both, whereas, unlike

4. Problem and Solution

Identifies a problem and presents one or more solutions.

• Signal words: the problem is, one solution, as a result, to solve this

5. Description

Describes a topic using details, characteristics, and examples.

• Signal words: for example, such as, including, characteristics

Why It Matters

Identifying text structure helps you:

• Locate specific information quickly
• Understand the author's purpose
• Take better notes and summarise effectively